Correlation between different retinal layers with visual acuity in diabetic retinopathy patients with clinically significant macular edema

Purpose: To study the corelation between outer retinal layer thickness (ORL), outer photoreceptor segment thickness (PROS), and central macular thickness (CMT) with best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients having clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and compare these parameters with normal patients. Methods: This was a prospective, nonrandomized, observational, comparative study done during the period of January to May 2019. The study included 60 eyes of 36 patients. The patient population was segregated into two Groups: Group ? (30 normal eyes of 15 normal patients) and Group ?? (30 eyes of 21 diabetic patients) with CSME. The comparison between ORL, PROS, and CMT was made between both the groups, and the correlation between ORL thickness, PROS thickness, and CMT with BCVA in Group ?? was studied. Results: The mean age in Group I was 52.6+10.66 years, and 53.42+8.15 years in Group II. The male/ female ratio was 1.1:1 in Group I and 4:3 in Group II. The mean CMT was greater in Group ?? (330.13 ± 37.01) than in Group ? (222.20 ± 12.30). The mean ORL thickness was greater in Group ? (97.73 ± 6.92) than in Group ?? (80.63 ± 9.03). The PROS thickness was statistically significant in Group ? (35.05 ± 3.4) than in Group ?? (28.57 ± 3.53). There was a strong correlation between BCVA and ORL thickness (r = ?0.580, P < 0.001) and more strong correlation between BCVA and PROS thickness in Group ?? (r = ?0.611, P < 0.000). There was a moderate correlation between BCVA and CMT (r = 0.410, P < 0.025), and all results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Both ORL and PROS thickness were greater in healthy normal eyes than in eyes with CSME. BCVA was strongly correlated with PROS and ORL thickness and moderately associated with CMT.

Hipertensión ocular asociada al desprendimiento de la retina regmatógeno / Ocular hypertension associated to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la hipertensión ocular asociada al desprendimiento de la retina regmatógeno. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte longitudinal retrospectivo de una serie de casos atendidos en la consulta de Vítreo-Retina del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" en el período comprendido de mayo del año 2016 a diciembre de 2019. Se estudiaron 7 ojos de 7 pacientes. Se utilizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos oculares, tiempo de evolución de la disminución de la visión, tensión ocular, tipo de rotura retinal, cirugía de retina realizada y tratamiento antihipertensivo ocular. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino, con un promedio de edad de 27,2 años. La mayoría de los pacientes tuvieron rotura retinal en el cuadrante nasal superior y todos en extrema periferia. Todos los pacientes tuvieron la presión intraocular antes de la cirugía por encima de 30 mmHg. A todos se le indicó tratamiento hipotensor tópico y se les realizó cirugía convencional. Con diferentes fluctuaciones de la presión intraocular posterior a la cirugía, todos los pacientes normalizaron la tensión ocular y mantuvieron la retina aplicada. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico correcto de este síndrome puede ofrecer dificultad porque los signos de una condición pueden enmascarar los de otra. El reconocimiento de la entidad puede ser más fácil si el oftalmólogo tiene en mente que estas entidades pueden aparecer juntas. De esta forma, se hace un diagnóstico y un tratamiento certero que evite la discapacidad visual por esta causa(AU)

Objective: Describe the behavior of ocular hypertension associated to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: An observational retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of 7 eyes of 7 patients attending the Vitreous-Retina Service at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from May 2016 to December 2019. The variables considered were age, sex, ocular pathological antecedents, time of evolution of vision reduction, ocular tension, type of retinal tear, retinal surgery performed and ocular hypertension treatment. Results: A predominance was found of the male sex, with a mean age of 27.2 years. Most of the patients had retinal tear in the upper nasal quadrant, and all in the extreme periphery. In all cases, intraocular pressure was above 30 mmHg before surgery. All patients were indicated topical hypotensive treatment and underwent conventional surgery. With different intraocular pressure fluctuations after surgery, all patients normalized their ocular tension and retained the retina applied. Conclusions: Correct diagnosis of this syndrome may be difficult to achieve, since the signs of one condition may mask those of another. Identification may be easier if the ophthalmologist bears in mind that these diseases may occur together. An accurate diagnosis may thus be made and an effective treatment indicated which will prevent visual disability due to this cause(AU)

Analysis of Spectral Domain - Optical Coherence Tomography and Fundus Autofluorescence in Typical Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: To study fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) characteristics in patients with typical retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and correlate them to visual acuity. Design: Retrospective observational case series. Methods: 110 eyes of 56 RP patients were included. FAF and SD-OCT imaging were done for all eyes. Extent of the autofluorescence ring, central foveal thickness, photoreceptor outer-segment length (PROS), foveal outer segment pigment epithelial thickness (FOSPET), and inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) extent were defined and measured and correlated to logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using linear regression. Results: Study included 110 eyes of 56 patients (34 male and 22 female). Mean BCVA was 0.33 logMAR with no difference between genders. The mean age of patients was 15.4 ± 15.1 years. Mean autofluorescence extent was 3590 ± 1994 μm horizontally, and 2880 ± 1836 μm vertically. These values were significantly correlated with preserved IS/OS junction extent (mean values horizontally = 2865 μm and vertically = 2464 μm). Mean central retinal thickness (218.74 μm) and PROS (44.85 μm) were significantly correlated to BCVA with correlation coefficient r = –0.189, P = 0.015; and r = –0.874, P = 0.0001, respectively. FOSPET (mean = 71.15 μm) did not show a significant correlation with BCVA, independent of PROS. Conclusions: Retinal microstructural changes as studied on SD-OCT, especially PROS length can be used as a surrogate marker to monitor degenerative diseases such as RP. Further, studies are required to clearly delineate the microstructuralfunctional relationship in the human retina.

Transplantation of Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelium to Rabbit Retina Injured by Sodium Iodate

The authors investigated the possibility of transplanting cultured retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to impaired retina. The authors induced injury of the outer sensory retina and RPE cells with the intravenous injection of 2% sodium iodate in forty pigmented rabbits. Transplantation of RPE cells was done by internal approach with a 30 gauge blunt needle. The neural retina spontaneously reattached within 36 hours. Light microscopic autoradiography showed that some labeled cells were attached to Bruch's membrane as early as in 2 hours and still found in 4 weeks after transplantation. Regeneration of the photoreceptor outer segment and its connection with transplanted RPE cell was not found. Present study demonstrates that cultured rabbit RPE cells can be successfully transplanted to injured rabbit retina if Bruch's membrane is intact. Although the regeneration of the photoreceptor outer segment failed to be demonstrated, further studies are necessary to confirm or disprove these results.